Evolution of Trevi fountain, situated in the trevi district in Rome, built in 1762 & designed by Italian architect Nicola Salvi, How Trevi fountain Changed over the years
Continue readingRepublic of Italy Timeline
Italy is a sovereign state in Europe, situated in the heart of the mediterranean sea. Italy covers an area of 301,338 km2. Shares open land borders with France, Austria, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City and Slovenia.
Italy was certainly influenced by many powerful cultures and political forces over time, including the Byzantines, Etruscans and Greeks, but it was the world-changing impact of both the Roman civilization and the Italian Renaissance that contributed most-significantly to its status in the modern world.
Italy has the third largest nominal GDP in the Eurozone and the eighth largest in the world. As an advanced economy, the country has the sixth-largest worldwide national wealth and it is ranked third for its central bank gold reserve. Italy has a very high level of human development and it stands among the top countries for life expectancy.
Republic of Italy Timeline |
1861 |
The Kingdom of Italy established excluding Rome, Venice, San Marino; King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia became King of Italy |
1866 |
Italy obtained Venice from Austria |
1870 |
Italian forces occupied Rome |
1871 |
Rome named the capital of Italy |
1915 |
Italy joined World War I on side of Allies |
1918 |
Allies won World War I |
1919 |
Gains Trentino, South Tyrol, and Trieste under peace treaties. |
1922 |
Fascists took control of Rome; Benito Mussolini named Prime Minister |
1925 |
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1929 |
Lateran Treaty creates the state of Vatican City. |
1935 |
Italy invades Ethiopia. |
1936 |
Mussolini formed anti-Communist Axis with Germany |
1939 |
Albania annexed. |
1940 |
Italy entered World War II as an ally of Germany |
1941 |
Italy declares war on USSR. |
1943 |
Italy surrendered to Allied forces; Mussolini forced to resign; Italy declared war on Germany |
1944 |
Allied Armies liberated Rome |
1945 |
Mussolini, who had been rescued from prison by Germans, is captured and executed by Italian partisans. |
1946 |
Italians voted to end monarchy and established a republic |
1947 |
Italy cedes land and territories under the peace treaty. |
1951 |
Italy joins European Coal and Steel Community. |
1952 |
Italy became a founding member of the European Economic Community |
1955 |
Italy joined United Nations |
1957 |
Founder member of European Economic Community. |
1960 |
![]() Olympic Games held in Rome |
1966 |
Flood waters from Arno River in Florence damaged many works of art |
1982 |
Italian Football team won World Cup in Spain |
1984 |
Roman Catholicism lost status as the state religion of Italy |
1986 |
338 Mafia members convicted of criminal activities |
1990 |
World Cup held in Italy |
1998 |
Italy joined the European Union |
1999 |
Italy adopted Euro as its currency |
2002 |
![]() Euro replaces the lira |
2003 |
Multi-billion euros fraud at Parmalat food-manufacturing company exposed |
2009 |
Earthquake in Abruzzo region killed over 300 |
2011 |
Italian women held nationwide anti-Berlusconi demonstrations |
2014 |
The government takes full control of the troubled ILVA steel plant, based in Taranto in southern Italy. |
2017 |
Veneto and Lombardy, two wealthy northern regions, vote overwhelmingly in favour of greater autonomy in non-binding referendums. |
2018 |
Elections produce a hung parliament and ongoing efforts to form a government. |
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United Kingdom Timeline
United Kingdom Timeline, The United Kingdom is a union of individual countries of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy and its reigning monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, United Kingdom Timeline, Chronicle events and historical timeline
Continue reading15 Fascinating Kaliningrad Facts
Fascinating Facts About Kaliningrad
Kaliningrad is the administrative centre of Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave between Poland and Lithuania on the Baltic Sea.
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Kaliningrad was formally known as Königsberg (1254 to 1945) and was the capital city of the German province of East Prussia.
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The Population of Kaliningrad is mostly Russian. 87.4% Russian, 3.8% Belarusian and 4% Ukrainian, 0.7% Armenian and 0.5% Tatar.
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Kaliningrad is a seaport city and Russian exclave situated between Poland and Lithuania on the Baltic Sea.
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The most famous person to be born in Königsberg was a German Philosopher Immanuel Kant. When Königsberg became Russian for the first time in the 18th century, Kant took an oath to the Russian Empress.
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Kaliningrad has about 185 rainy days a year.
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Russia had two Kaliningrad’s from 1946 til 1996, the other Kaliningrad was near Moscow and was later renamed to Korolyov.
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Kaliningrad region is famous for its production of amber. possesses over 90% of the world’s amber.
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Kaliningrad got its name in 1946 in honour of famous Soviet communistic activist Mikhail Kalinin. The Second part of name “grad” means “city”.
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Most of Königsberg was destroyed during World War II and was rebuilt in the style of a traditional Soviet city, however, some of the German architecture remains.
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Kaliningrad is headquarters of the Russian Baltic Fleet.
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Kaliningrad is split into 3 districts: Leningradsky (Ленинградский), Moskovsky (Московский) and Tsentralny (Центральный).
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Kaliningrad is closer to Berlin (527km) and Prague (659km) than it is to Moscow (1289km) and St. Petersburg (797km).
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The Kaliningrad region covers an area of 15,000 square kilometres.
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The first ever book printed in Lithuanian language, the Catechism, It was printed on 8 January 1547 by Hans Weinreich in Königsberg. only 200 copies were printed and only two copies survived. one is stored in the Nicolaus Copernicus University Library in Toruń, Poland, and the other is in the Vilnius University Library in Lithuania.
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Kaliningrad’s Curonian Spit is a UNESCO World Heritage Site: inscription since 2000.
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Aberdeen Historical Timeline
Aberdeen historical timeline during the 12th and 13th century the city grew and established itself as a powerful town with strong trade routes with Germany and receiving the rights to hold weekly markets and later yearly fairs, Aberdeen started to grow, Aberdeen timeline from the 12th century to the 21st century
Continue reading50 Fun and Interesting Facts About England
FUN & INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT ENGLAND
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England’s Highest Point is the Scafell Pike, standing at 3210 ft.
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The Lowest Point in England is the Fens, 15 feet below sea level.
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The Longest River in England is the Thames, 346 km However the Severn is Official Britain’s longest river.
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The Largest lake in England is Windermere, 14.7 sq km.
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England borders with Scotland and Wales, however, France is only 35 km away, England and France are linked by a tunnel under the English Channel.
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No Government or Parliament just for England, since 1707, when Great Britain was established.
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England national football team won the World Cup In 1966.
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Cheddar Cheese comes from England.
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England is split into 48 ceremonial counties.
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England is the most populated and biggest country in the United Kingdom.
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England is made up of many small islands, such as the Isle of Wight, the Isles of Scilly and Hayling Island.
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England Hosted Three Summer Olympic Games in 1908, 1948 and most recently 2012.
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The Capital City of England is London, England’s second capital in Birmingham followed by Manchester.
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Time Berners-Lee an English Computer Scientist is credited with inventing the Wolrd Wide Web, He donated the WWW to everyone to use for free.
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Passenger railways were started in England.
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England Inventions: the first computer, HTML, The seat belt, the hovercraft, the Industrial Spinning Machine and the World Wide Web, Among other things.
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The birthplace of the Industrial Revolution began in England.
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The Bank of England started in 1694.
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The official home of the British Monarch is Buckingham Palace in London, England.
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England has produced some of the most influential and important bands and pop artists, including The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, Led Zeppelin, Queen, David Bowie, Pink Floyd and The Who.
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Norwich is the only city in England to have been named a “City of Literature” by UNESCO.
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The Queen is not allowed to set foot in the House of Commons.
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England was part of the shortest war in history. They fought Zanzibar in 1896 and Zanzibar surrendered after just 38 minutes.
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The highest temperature ever recorded in England was 38.5°C, in Brogdale, Kent, on 10 August 2003.
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English people consume more tea per capita than anybody else in the world.
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French was the official language of England for about 300 years, from 1066 till 1362.
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British police do not carry guns except in emergencies.
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Nowhere in the UK is more than 70 miles.
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Famous English Scientists including Stephen Hawking, Sir Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, and Jane Goodall among many others.
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England Has Many Weird Village Traditions, such as cheese rolling.
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It Is A Criminal Offense to Stick A Postage Stamp To An Envelope Upside Down
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The only city in England to be named as a World Heritage City by UNESCO is Bath.
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The Queen of England, Elizabeth II, is head of state and does not govern the country.
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The London Eye is the tallest observation wheel in the world.
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The English and British Currency is called the Pounds Sterling ‘£’.
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The name “England” is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means “land of the Angles“.
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The Barbary Lion is a national animal of England.
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The red rose is widely recognised as the national flower of England.
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There is a limit of 12 minutes of commercials, per hour of television, in England.
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England has more Chickens than people.
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In England, it’s legal to consume alcohol on private premises from the age of 5.
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The Queen owns all unmarked swans in open water and she is the “officially appointed ‘Swan Keeper’ of England.”, this means harming a swan can land you in prison.
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London is the world’s largest financial centre.
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The world’s oldest public zoo was opened in London in 1828.
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The first public theatre built in England was called The Theatre.
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The Official Language of England is English.
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England’s National Day is St George’s Day, April 23rd.
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England is the second largest economy in Europe.
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The first building to overtake the Great Pyramid of Giza was the Lincoln Cathedral in 1280. It held the title of the highest construction ever built until 1884.
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London’s Heathrow Airport is the busiest airport in the United Kingdom and the third busiest airport in the world.
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National Symbols of England
Englands National Symbols includes the National Animal Lion, National Tree Oak, National Flower Rose, National Banner, National Sports Cricket and Football, Flag and even the National Anthem and Motto and the Royal Family
Continue readingMadrid Historical Timeline
Madrid was known as Madjerît in the 10th century by the Moors and was later conquered by King of Leon, Ramiro I, however this was only for a brief time, as the Moors took the city back, the city was controlled by the Moors until 1083, when King Alfonso VI took undisputed possession of the city.
In 1561, King Felipe II proclaimed the city as the capital city of Spain, giving a permanent and strong centre to control the continuous political movements through the Kingdom.
After the death of Francom Spain made the transition to a constitutional monarchy and King Juan Carlos I, made his home in Madrid and now the Spanish capital of Madrid is the Major centre for culture, Industry and Governance.
Chronicle Events & Historical Timeline |
852 |
Moors establish village of Mayrít |
932 |
Ramiro II, Christian King temporarily occupies Mayrít |
1109 |
Moors Sieged Mayrít but Failed |
1185 |
Castille Forces Captured Mayrít |
1202 |
Madrid was granted Town Status. |
1212 |
Soldiers from Madrid assist in the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa |
1217 |
Saint Francisco of Assis founds Monastery of San Francisco |
1218 |
Saint Domingo de Guzmán founds Monastery of Santo Domingo el Real |
1248 |
Fernando III confirms division between Segovia and Madrid |
1433 |
Royal Cortes held in Madrid |
1434 |
Town suffers nine weeks of storms and floods |
1435 |
Royal Cortes to be held only in Madrid |
1463 |
Weekly market established and also Fairs of San Miguel and San Mateo |
1474 |
Supporters of Isabel besiege the city |
1478 |
Initiation of Spanish Inquisition |
1479 |
Pedro Zapata founds Monastery de Rejas |
1492 |
3rd Purge of Jews and destruction of their Quarter |
1498 |
Pigs are forbidden to roam freely in the streets |
1500 |
Printing press in operation |
1503 |
Foundation of Convento de San Jerómino el Real |
1505 |
San Jerónimo el Real built. |
1518 |
Construction began of Church of Beato Isidoro |
1520 |
Rebellion by citizens of Madrid against Carlos I |
1520 |
Madrid surrenders after Battle of Villalar |
1523 |
Dominicans established in Virgen de Atocha |
1525 |
Francis I of France imprisoned in Torre de Los Lujanes |
1526 |
Treaty of Madrid signed. |
1528 |
Isabel authorized construction of Church of San Isidoro |
1537 |
Casa de Cisneros built. |
1547 |
Founded Convento Agustino de San Felipe Nery y el de la Trinidad Descalza |
1547 |
Writer Miquel de Cervantes Saavedra (1547-1616) |
1559 |
Convent of Las Descalzas Reales founded. |
1561 |
Madrid Population: 20,000. |
1561 |
Royal Court moved to Madrid and established as capital of Spain |
1562 |
Felipe II acquired land to create Casa de Campo |
1562 |
Writer Félix Lope de Vega (1562-1635) |
1563 |
Work commences on El Escorial |
1580 |
Writer Francisco de Quevedo y Villegas (1580-1645) |
1584 |
Bridge of Segovia built. |
1590 |
Construction of Casas de la Panadería |
1592 |
Construction of Convento de Los Agustinos Recoletos |
1599 |
Construction of the first section of the Puerto de Alcalá |
1599 |
Painter Diego de Velázquez (1599-1660) |
1601 |
Court of Philip III moves from Madrid to Valladolid. |
1600 |
Royal Court moved to Valladolid |
1600 |
Dramatist Pedro Calderón de la Barca (1600-1681) |
1605 |
Cervantes’ novel Don Quixote published. |
1606 |
Court of Philip III returns to Madrid. |
1606 |
Construction of Convento de Santa Bárbara |
1606 |
Royal Court moved back to Madrid |
1613 |
Palace of the Councils built. |
1616 |
Felipe III orders construction of Plaza Mayor |
1616 |
Real Monasterio de la Encarnación inaugurated. |
1618 |
Felipe III creates Parque del Retiro |
1622 |
Construction of Convento de la Encarnación |
1632 |
Real Sitio del Buen Retiro Palace completed |
1633 |
Church of San Antonio de los Alemanes built. |
1636 |
Royal Alcazar built. |
1637 |
Buen Retiro Palace built |
1643 |
Palacio de Santa Cruz built |
1644 |
Funeral of Isabel de Borbón. |
1661 |
Gazeta de Madrid begins publication. |
1664 |
San Isidro Church built. |
1700 |
Construction of Palacio de Goyaneche |
1701 |
Bourbon Felipe V arrives in Madrid to take throne |
1706 |
City occupied by Portuguese. |
1713 |
Real Academia Española founded. |
1714 |
Real Biblioteca del Palacio formed. |
1717 |
Palacio de Uceda renamed Palacio de Consejos |
1719 |
Puente de Toledo rebuilt |
1720 |
Construction of Cuartel del Conde-Duque |
1722 |
Construction of Hospicio de San Fernando (now Municipal Museum) |
1734 |
Royal Alcázar destroyed by fire |
1738 |
Construction commenced of Royal Palace (1738-1764) |
1737 |
Real Colegio de Profesores Boticarios established. |
1738 |
Real Academia de la Historia founded. |
1743 |
Teatro de la Cruz renovated. |
1746 |
Painter Francisco de Goya (1746-1828) |
1750 |
Construction of Convento de las Salasas Reales |
1751 |
Compañía Guipuzcoana de Caracas headquartered in Madrid. |
1752 |
Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando founded |
1755 |
Real Jardín Botánico founded. |
1761 |
Construction of Basilica of San Francisco el Grande |
1763 |
Spanish National Lottery established |
1764 |
Palace Real completed |
1766 |
Construction of Casa de Correos |
1766 |
Esquilache Riots. |
1767 |
Jesuits expelled from their monasteries and Spain |
1769 |
Construction of Casa Real de la Aduana (now Ministry of Hacienda) |
1769 |
Enlargement of Puerto de Alcalá |
1775 |
Construction of Salón del Prado |
1776 |
Reconstruction of Hospital General (now Museum of Reina Sofia) |
1777 |
Construction of Palacio de Benavente (now Ministry of Defense) |
1781 |
Creation of Royal Botanical Gardens |
1784 |
San Francisco el Grande Basilica built. |
1785 |
Construction of Palacio del Prado (1785-1854 – now Prado Museum) |
1787 |
1st Official Census – 156.672 inhabitants in Madrid |
1790 |
Reconstruction of Plaza Mayor after fire |
1798 |
Construction of San Antonio de la Florida |
1808 |
French Army of Napoleon occupies Madrid and street riots follow |
1812 |
English General Wellington frees city from French occupiers |
1817 |
Playwright José Zorrilla y Mora (1817-1893) |
1818 |
Official opening of Prado Museum |
1820 |
General Riego leads Liberal coup |
1832 |
Public gas system installed in centre of City |
1834 |
City roads paved and cleaning services established |
1835 |
Church property seized by State |
1840 |
General Espartero leads Radical coup |
1843 |
General Narvaez leads Conservative coup |
1843 |
Writer Benito Pérez Galdós (1843-1920) |
1844 |
Railway Station of Aranjuez constructed |
1850 |
Opening of Cortes building and Teatro Real |
1851 |
Construction of Isabel II Canal for city water supply |
1855 |
Construction commenced of railway line to Paris (1855-1864) |
1857 |
Reconstruction of Plaza de la Puerto del Sol |
1866 |
Construction of Biblioteca Nacional |
1868 |
General Prim with a coup ends reign of Isabel II |
1868 |
The Peseta is recognized as official currency of Spain |
1868 |
Gardens of Parque del Retiro open to public |
1873 |
The 1st Spanish Republic |
1875 |
Alfonso XII restores monarchy |
1876 |
New Spanish Constitution |
1881 |
Electric street lighting installed |
1884 |
Construction of Banco de España (1884-1891) |
1897 |
Prime Minister Cánovas del Castillo assassinated |
1899 |
Poet and playwright Federico Garciá Lorca (1899-1936) |
1900 |
Construction of railway system to the east and south of Spain (1900-1914) |
1902 |
Real Madrid FC founded |
1904 |
Approval of creation of Gran Via |
1906 |
Hotel Ritz opens |
1907 |
Car number plates registration introduced |
1909 |
Cibeles Palace built. |
1910 |
Demolition to create the Gran Via commenced |
1912 |
Hotel Palace opens. |
1916 |
Market of San Miguel constructed. |
1916 |
Novelist Camilo José Cela (1916- |
1920 |
Madrid Population: 750,896 |
1921 |
Metro system opens |
1923 |
Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera established |
1923 |
Teatro Monumental |
1929 |
Construction of Madrid University Campus |
1931 |
2nd Spanish Republic |
1931 |
Casa de Campo opened to the public |
1934 |
Construction of viaduct over Calle Segovia |
1936 |
Siege of Madrid begins |
1936 |
Spanish Civil War commences |
1939 |
General Franco occupies Madrid and ends Civil War |
1939 |
Junta for reconstruction of Madrid established |
1941 |
Museum of the Americas founded |
1944 |
Carabanchel Prison built. |
1947 |
Creation of system of public transport within the city |
1946 |
Estadio Santiago Bernabéu opens. |
1950 |
Lope de Vega Theater opens. |
1951 |
Museum of Lázaro Galdiano opens. |
1956 |
Real Madrid wins first European Cup |
1960 |
Madrid Population: 2,259,931 |
1965 |
Student demonstrations close Madrid University |
1966 |
Real Madrid wins its 6th European Cup |
1967 |
City flag design adopted. |
1970 |
Madrid Population: 3,146,071 |
1971 |
Technical University of Madrid formed. |
1972 |
Temple of Debod installed. |
1972 |
Zoo Aquarium built. |
1973 |
Carrero Blanco assassinated |
1974 |
Line 7 (Madrid Metro) begins operating. |
1975 |
General Franco dies and power passes to the King |
1976 |
El Pais newspaper is published |
1977 |
UCD Party wins democratic elections |
1978 |
Centro Dramático Nacional created. |
1979 |
Democratic election of Municipal representatives |
1979 |
Enrique Tierno Galván elected President of Municipality of Madrid (1979-1986) |
1980 |
Line 9 (Madrid Metro) begins operating. |
1981 |
Right-wing coup fails |
1982 |
PSOE Party wins national elections |
1983 |
Almudena Cathedral consecrated. |
1984 |
Queen Sofía Chamber Orchestra formed. |
1987 |
Community of Madrid Orchestra founded. |
1988 |
National Auditorium of Music inaugurated. |
1989 |
El Mundo begins publication |
1991 |
City hosts Israeli–Palestinian peace conference. |
1991 |
Madrid Population: 2,984,576. |
1992 |
Madrid selected as Capital of European Culture for that year |
1993 |
Opening of Palace of Congresses of Campo de las Naciones |
1995 |
Completion of last Metro line, Line 6 |
1996 |
Conservative Party wins national elections |
1996 |
Gate of Europe and Islamic Cultural Center of Madrid built |
1998 |
Madrid Metro Line 8 and Line 11 Begin Operating Line 8 |
2000 |
Partido Popular win national elections |
2000 |
Real Madrid makes soccer history by winning 8th European Cup |
2001 |
City named World Book Capital by UNESCO. |
2002 |
Madrid Arena opens |
2003 |
Manzanares Park inaugurated |
2003 |
Line 12 (Madrid Metro) begins operating. |
2004 |
Museo del Traje established |
2005 |
Madrid to Toledo high-speed rail line begins operating. |
2005 |
Forest of Remembrance dedicated. |
2005 |
Madrid Ballet established. |
2006 |
Teatro Valle-Inclán opens. |
2007 |
Metro Ligero begins operating |
2008 |
Madrid to Barcelona high-speed rail line begins operating. |
2008 |
CaixaForum Madrid opens. |
2009 |
Population reached 3,264,497. |
2011 |
Mass un-employed known as “Indignados” demonstrate |
2012 |
More street demonstrations due to government financial measures |
2013 |
4th bid for the Summer Olympic Games fails. |
2015 |
Parque Felipe VI inaugurated |
Museum of the 20th Century
Museum of the 20th Century first opened its doors in April 1994, situated in Oostereiland, a peninsula in the harbour of Hoorn
Continue readingBirmingham Museum and Art Gallery
Birmingham Museum and artwork Gallery is a museum and artwork gallery in Birmingham, England. It has a collection of international significance overlaying satisfactory art, ceramics, metalwork, jeweler, natural history, archaeology, ethnography, nearby records and business history.
The museum/gallery is run with the aid of Birmingham Museums believe, the biggest independent museums believe within the united kingdom, which also runs 8 different museums around the metropolis.
In 1829, the Birmingham Society of Artists created a non-public exhibition building in New street.
Currently one of Europe’s leading current art galleries, Ikon is elegant, progressive and recognized for its individuality. The Ikon well-known shows the great worldwide and British art in a changing program of exhibitions and occasions
Home to the largest series of pre-Raphaelite art work in the international, as well as collections of silver, sculpture, ceramics and ancient and social records galleries. The gas corridor Gallery houses a constantly converting program of exhibitions.
Museum and artwork Gallery is free, but some primary exhibitions in the fuel hall incur an front charge.
Collection size: 500,000 objects
Architectural styles: Victorian architecture & Edwardian architecture
[su_box title=”Contact Details” box_color=”#000000″ radius=”0″]
Telephone: 0121 348 8032
Official website: birminghammuseums.org.uk
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[su_box title=”Opening Hours” box_color=”#000000″ radius=”0″]
Monday 10:00 am–5:00 pm
Tuesday 10:00 am–5:00 pm
Wednesday 10:00 am–5:00 pm
Thursday 10:00 am–5:00 pm
Friday 10:30 am–5:00 pm
Saturday 10:00 am–5:00 pm
Sunday 10:00 am–5:00 pm
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Location
Address: Chamberlain Square, Birmingham B3 3DH